Mitengo Yekutumira Mitsetse Yakawanda Inoramba Ichikwira!

Munguva ino yekuzorora kwekutakura zvinhu, nzvimbo dzakamanikana dzekutakura zvinhu, mitengo yekutakura zvinhu yakakwira, uye nguva yekuzorora kwevakawanda yave mazwi akakosha pamusika. Data rakaburitswa neShanghai Shipping Exchange rinoratidza kuti kubva pakupera kwaKurume 2024 kusvika pari zvino, huwandu hwekutakura zvinhu kubva kuShanghai Port kuenda kumusika wechiteshi chengarava muSouth America hwawedzera ne95.88%, uye huwandu hwekutakura zvinhu kubva kuShanghai Port kuenda kumusika wechiteshi chengarava muEurope hwawedzera ne43.88%.

Nyanzvi dzezvemabhizimisi dzinoongorora kuti zvinhu zvakaita sekuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemusika muEurope neUnited States pamwe nekusawirirana kwenguva refu muGungwa Dzvuku ndizvo zvikonzero zvikuru zvekuwedzera kwemitengo yekutakura zvinhu. Nekusvika kwemwaka wepamusoro wekutakura zvinhu, mitengo yekutakura zvinhu inogona kuramba ichikwira mune ramangwana.

Mari yekutumira zvinhu muEurope yakawedzera neanopfuura 20% muvhiki imwe chete

Kubva kutanga kwaKubvumbi 2024, Shanghai Export Container Comprehensive Freight Index yakaburitswa neShanghai Shipping Exchange yakaramba ichikwira. Data rakaburitswa musi wa10 Chivabvu rakaratidza kuti chiyero chemutengo wezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muShanghai chaive mapoinzi 2305.79, kuwedzera kwe18.8% kubva pasvondo rapfuura, kuwedzera kwe33.21% kubva pamapoinzi 1730.98 musi wa29 Kurume, uye kuwedzera kwe33.21% kubva pamapoinzi 1730.98 musi wa29 Kurume, uko kwaive kwakakwira kupfuura muna Mbudzi 2023 dambudziko reRed Sea risati ratanga. Kuwedzera kwe132.16%.

Pakati pazvo, nzira dzinoenda kuSouth America neEurope dzakawedzera zvakanyanya. Mutengo wekutakura zvinhu (mari yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa nemidziyo yemugungwa) wakatumirwa kubva kuShanghai Port kuenda kumusika wechiteshi cheSouth America iUS$5,461/TEU (chirongo chine hurefu hwemamita makumi maviri, chinozivikanwawo seTEU), kuwedzera kwe18.1% kubva munguva yapfuura uye kuwedzera kwe95.88% kubva pakupera kwaKurume. Mutengo wekutakura zvinhu (mari yekutumira zvinhu mugungwa nemidziyo yemugungwa) wakatumirwa kubva kuShanghai Port kuenda kumusika wechiteshi chemuEurope iUS$2,869/TEU, kuwedzera kukuru kwe24.7% kubva pavhiki rapfuura, kuwedzera kwe43.88% kubva pakupera kwaKurume, uye kuwedzera kwe305.8% kubva munaMbudzi 2023.

Munhu anotungamira bhizinesi rekutakura zvinhu mukambani yepasi rose yeYunqunar Logistics Technology Group (inozivikanwa se "Yunqunar") akataura muhurukuro nevatori venhau kuti kutanga kubva pakupera kwaKubvumbi gore rino, zvinogona kunzwika kuti mitengo yezvinhu zvinotumirwa kuLatin America, Europe, North America, uye Freight rates yemigwagwa iri kuMiddle East, India nePakistan yakawedzera, uye kuwedzera kwacho kwakawedzera muna Chivabvu.

Data rakaburitswa naDrewry, sangano rinoongorora nezvekutumira zvinhu nekupa mazano, musi wa10 Chivabvu rakaratidzawo kuti Drewry World Container Index (WCI) yakakwira kusvika pamadhora zviuru zvitatu nemazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu nepfumbamwe ($3,159/FEU) svondo rino (kubva muna Chivabvu 9), izvo zvinoenderana negore ra2022. Yakawedzera ne81% zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe cheteyo gore rapfuura uye yakakwira ne122% kupfuura avhareji yeUS$1,420/FEU denda risati raitika muna 2019.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, makambani mazhinji ekutakura zvinhu, anosanganisira Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), Maersk, CMA CGM, naHapag-Lloyd, akazivisa kukwira kwemitengo. Tora CMA CGM semuenzaniso. Pakupera kwaKubvumbi, CMA CGM yakazivisa kuti kutanga musi wa15 Chivabvu, yaizogadzirisa mwero mutsva weFAK (Freight All Kinds) wenzira yeAsia-Northern Europe kuenda kuUS$2,700/TEU uye US$5,000/FEU. Kare, yakawedzera neUS$500/TEU uye US$1,000/FEU; musi wa10 Chivabvu, CMA CGM yakazivisa kuti kutanga musi wa1 Chikumi, yaizowedzera mwero weFAK wezvinhu zvinotumirwa kubva kuAsia kuenda kuNordic ports. Mwero mutsva uyu wakakwira kusvika kuUS$6,000/FEU. Zvakare yakawedzera ne$1,000/FEU.

Ke Wensheng, CEO wekambani yekutakura zvinhu pasi rose yeMaersk, akataura mumusangano wekupedzisira kuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotakura zvinhu panzira dzekuEurope dzeMaersk hwawedzera ne9%, kunyanya nekuda kwekudiwa kukuru kwevatengesi vekuEurope kuti vadzorere zvinhu zviri mumidziyo. Zvisinei, dambudziko renzvimbo shoma rakamukawo, uye vazhinji vanotumira zvinhu vanofanira kubhadhara mitengo yakakwira yekutakura zvinhu kuitira kudzivirira kunonoka kwekutakura zvinhu.

Kunyange hazvo mitengo yekutakura zvinhu iri kukwira, mitengo yezvitima zvekutakura zvinhu zveChina neEurope iri kukwirawo. Mumwe mufambisi wezvinhu anotarisira zvitima zvekutakura zvinhu zveChina neEurope akaudza vatori venhau kuti kudiwa kwekutakura zvinhu pari zvino kwezvitima zvekutakura zvinhu zveChina neEurope kwawedzera zvakanyanya, uye mitengo yekutakura zvinhu mune dzimwe nzira yakawedzera neUS$200-300, uye zvingangoramba zvichikwira mune ramangwana. "Mutengo wekutakura zvinhu mugungwa wawedzera, uye nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu nenguva hazvigone kusangana nezvinodiwa nevatengi, zvichiita kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvitamisirwe kunhumbi dzezvitima. Zvisinei, kugona kwekutakura zvinhu muzvitima kwakaderera, uye kudiwa kwenzvimbo yekutakura zvinhu kwawedzera zvakanyanya munguva pfupi, izvo zvichakanganisa mitengo yekutakura zvinhu."

Dambudziko rekushomeka kwemidziyo rinodzoka

"Kungave kuri kutakura zvinhu kana njanji, kune kushomeka kwemakontena. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, hazvigoneke kuodha mabhokisi. Mutengo wekurenda makontena pamusika wakakura kupfuura kuwedzera kwemitengo yekutakura zvinhu." Mumwe munhu ari muindasitiri yemakontena muGuangdong akaudza vatori venhau.

Semuenzaniso, akati mutengo wekushandisa 40HQ (chirongo chine urefu hwemamita 40) munzira yeChina-Europe waive US$500-600 gore rapera, izvo zvakakwira kusvika US$1,000-1,200 muna Ndira gore rino. Iye zvino zvakwira kusvika kupfuura US$1,500, uye zvinodarika US$2,000 mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Mumwe mushandi wekutakura zvinhu kuShanghai Port akaudzawo vatori venhau kuti mamwe mayadhi ekune dzimwe nyika azere nemakontena, uye kune kushomeka kukuru kwemakontena muChina. Mutengo wemabhokisi asina chinhu muShanghai neDuisburg, Germany, wakwira kubva paUS$1,450 munaKurume kusvika paUS$1,900 yazvino.

Munhu aitarisira bhizinesi rekutakura zvinhu reYunqunar rataurwa pamusoro apa akataura kuti chikonzero chikuru chekukwira kwemari yekurenda makontena ndechekuti nekuda kwekusawirirana kuri kuitika muGungwa Dzvuku, varidzi vezvikepe vakawanda vakatsauka vachienda kuCape of Good Hope, izvo zvakaita kuti kutenderera kwemakontena kuve kwenguva yakareba nemavhiki maviri kusvika matatu kupfuura nguva yakajairika, zvichikonzera kuti makontena asave nechinhu. Kuwanda kwemvura kunoderera.

Mafambiro emusika wepasi rose wekutakura zvinhu (kutanga kusvika pakati paChivabvu) akaburitswa neDexun Logistics musi wa9 Chivabvu akaratidza kuti mushure mezororo reMay Day, mamiriro ezvekuwanikwa kwemakontena haana kuvandudzika zvakanyanya. Kune kushomeka kwakasiyana-siyana kwemakontena, kunyanya makontena makuru nemarefu, uye mamwe makambani ekutakura zvinhu ari kuramba achisimbisa kutonga kwekushandiswa kwemakontena munzira dzekuLatin America. Makontena matsva akagadzirwa muChina akabhukwa Chikumi asati apera.

Muna 2021, mushure mekukanganiswa nedenda reCOVID-19, musika wekutengeserana kwekunze "wakatanga kudzikira wozokwira", uye kutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda kwakasangana nemamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi. Kudzoka kwemakontena akapararira pasi rese hakuna kunaka, uye kugoverwa kwemakontena pasi rose hakuna kuenzana zvachose. Huwandu hwakawanda hwemakontena asina chinhu hwakasaririra muUnited States, Europe, Australia nedzimwe nzvimbo, uye nyika yangu haina makontena ekutumira kunze. Saka, makambani emakontena azere nemaodha uye ane kugona kwakakwana kwekugadzira. Kushomeka kwemabhokisi kwakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pakupera kwa2021.

Nekuvandudzika kwekuwanikwa kwemakontena uye kudzoreredzwa kwekushanda zvakanaka mumusika wepasi rose wekutakura zvinhu, kwakava nekusaririra kwakawanda kwemakontena asina chinhu mumusika wemuno kubva muna 2022 kusvika 2023, kusvika pava nekushomeka kwemakontena zvakare gore rino.

Mitengo yemidziyo inogona kuramba ichikwira

Nezvezvikonzero zvekukwira kwakanyanya kwemitengo yekutakura zvinhu munguva pfupi yapfuura, munhu anotungamira bhizinesi rekutakura zvinhu reYQN rataurwa pamusoro apa akaongorora vatori venhau kuti kutanga, United States yapedza danho rekubvisa zvinhu ndokupinda mudanho rekudzorera zvinhu. Huwandu hwekutakura hwenzira yetrans-Pacific hwadzoka zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvawedzera kukwira kwemitengo yekutakura zvinhu. Chechipiri, kuitira kudzivirira kugadziriswa kwemitero kunogona kuitwa neUnited States, makambani anoenda kumusika weUS akashandisa musika weLatin America, kusanganisira indasitiri yekugadzira mota, indasitiri yezvivakwa, nezvimwewo, uye akatamisa mitsetse yavo yekugadzira kuenda kuLatin America, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwekudiwa kwenzira dzeLatin America. Makambani mazhinji ekutakura zvinhu eRoutes kuenda kuMexico akawedzerwa kuti agutse kudiwa kwakawanda. Chechitatu, mamiriro ezvinhu muGungwa Dzvuku akakonzera kushomeka kwezviwanikwa panzira dzeEurope. Kubva munzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu kusvika kumakontena asina chinhu, mitengo yekutakura zvinhu muEurope iri kukwirawo. Chechina, mwaka wepamusoro wekutengeserana kwenyika dzepasi rose unotanga kupfuura makore apfuura. Kazhinji Chikumi gore rega rega rinopinda mumwaka wekutengesa kwezhizha kunze kwenyika, uye mitengo yekutakura zvinhu inokwira zvinoenderana. Mutengo wekutakura zvinhu gore rino wakawedzera mwedzi mumwe chete yapfuura pane makore apfuura, zvinoreva kuti mwaka wekutengesa wegore rino wasvika nekukurumidza.

Zheshang Securities yakaburitsa mushumo wekutsvagisa musi wa11 Chivabvu une musoro unoti "Nzira yekuona sei kuwedzera kwemitengo yekutakura macontainer munguva pfupi yapfuura?" Yakataura kuti kusawirirana kwenguva refu muGungwa Dzvuku kwakakonzera kusawirirana kwecheni yekutumira zvinhu. Kune rumwe rutivi, nzira dzekutenderera mungarava dzakakonzera kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu. , Kune rumwe rutivi, kudzikira kwekushanda zvakanaka kwengarava kwakakonzera kusawirirana kwemacontainer pazviteshi, zvichiwedzera kusawirirana kwecheni yekutumira zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, mukana wekuda zvinhu uri kuvandudzika, data rehupfumi muEurope neUnited States riri kuvandudzika zvishoma, uye pamwe chete netarisiro yekuwedzera kwemitengo yekutakura zvinhu mumwaka wepamusoro, varidzi vemidziyo vari kuunganidza zvinhu pachine nguva. Uyezve, mutsetse weUS wapinda munguva yakakosha yekusaina zvibvumirano zvenguva refu, uye makambani ekutakura zvinhu ane chido chekuwedzera mitengo.

Panguva imwe chete, mushumo wekutsvagisa unotenda kuti maitiro ehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu uye kubatana kwemaindasitiri muindasitiri yekutumira makontena zvakaumba simba rekusimudzira mitengo. Zheshang Securities yakati makambani ekutengesa makontena ekunze ane huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu. Kubva musi wa10 Chivabvu 2024, makambani gumi epamusoro ekutakura makontena aive ne84.2% yehuwandu hwezvinhu zvekufambisa. Pamusoro pezvo, kubatana kwemaindasitiri nekushandira pamwe kwakagadzirwa pakati pemakambani. Kune rumwe rutivi, muchimiro chekuderera kwenzvimbo yekupa nekudiwa, zvinobatsira kuderedza makwikwi emitengo akaipisisa nekumisa kufamba kwechikepe uye kudzora huwandu hwezvinhu zvekufambisa. Kune rumwe rutivi, muchimiro chehukama huri nani hwekupa nekudiwa, zvinotarisirwa kuwana mitengo yakakwira yekutakura kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwemitengo yakabatana.

Kubva muna Mbudzi 2023, mauto eHouthi ekuYemen akarwisa ngarava kakawanda muGungwa Dzvuku nemumvura dziri pedyo. Makambani mazhinji ekutakura zvinhu pasi rose haana imwe sarudzo kunze kwekumisa kufamba kwengarava dzavo dzemakontena muGungwa Dzvuku nemumvura dziri pedyo negungwa uye kuchinja nzira dzavo dzakatenderedza Cape of Good Hope muAfrica. Gore rino, mamiriro ezvinhu muGungwa Dzvuku achiri kuwedzera, uye nzira dzekutakura zvinhu dzakavharwa, kunyanya cheni yekutakura zvinhu muAsia-Europe, iyo yakakanganiswa zvikuru.

Nezvemafambiro ari kuita musika wekutakura makontena mune ramangwana, Dexun Logistics yakati nekuda kwemamiriro aripo iye zvino, mitengo yekutakura zvinhu icharamba yakasimba munguva pfupi iri kutevera, uye makambani ekutakura zvinhu ari kutoronga kuwedzera mitengo yekutakura zvinhu.

"Mitengo yekutakura zvinhu mumidziyo icharamba ichikwira mune ramangwana. Chekutanga, mwaka wekutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika uchiri kuenderera mberi, uye mitambo yeOlympics ichaitirwa kuEurope muna Chikunguru gore rino, izvo zvinogona kukwidza mitengo yekutakura zvinhu; chechipiri, kubviswa kwezvinhu muEurope nemuUnited States kwapera, uye kutengeswa kwemuno muUnited States kuri kuramba kuchikwidza tarisiro yaro yekusimudzira indasitiri yekutengesa munyika. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekudiwa kwezvinhu uye kushaikwa kwekutakura zvinhu, mitengo yekutakura zvinhu inotarisirwa kuramba ichikwira munguva pfupi," akadaro mumwe wevanhu vataurwa pamusoro apa veYunqunar.